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Morning
Africa
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Register and its all Free.
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Build a circus and the clowns will come. @NorthmanTrader
World Of Finance
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09-MAY-2021 :: The Lotos-eaters
World Of Finance
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09-MAY-2021 :: The Lotos-eaters
Misc.
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"Courage!" he said, and pointed toward the land, "This mounting wave will roll us shoreward soon."
In the afternoon they came unto a land In which it seemed always afternoon.
All round the coast the languid air did swoon, Breathing like one that hath a weary dream.
Then some one said, "We will return no more";
And all at once they sang, "Our island home Is far beyond the wave; we will no longer roam."
There is sweet music here that softer falls
Than petals from blown roses on the grass,
Or night-dews on still waters between walls Of shadowy granite, in a gleaming pass;
Music that gentlier on the spirit lies,
Than tir'd eyelids upon tir'd eyes;
Music that brings sweet sleep down from the blissful skies. Here are cool mosses deep,
And thro' the moss the ivies creep,
And in the stream the long-leaved flowers weep,
And from the craggy ledge the poppy hangs in sleep."
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Itamaraty Palace Spiral Staircase designed by #Oscar Niemeyer icekev
Misc.
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The Pandemic is a Portal
Misc.
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Glorious sunrise at the Borana conservancy @nickdimbleby @JamboMagazine
Africa
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Sunrise over the Nile in Khartoum!! @MalikMelamu
Africa
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10-JUN-2019 :: The ‘’zeitgeist’’ of the Revolution in Khartoum was intoxicating.
Africa
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Old Suakin, #Sudan @NicholasCoghlan
Africa
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My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings;
Misc.
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Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair!
Nothing beside remains.
Round the decay Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare.
The lone and level sands stretch far away.
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Sic transit gloria mundi is a Latin phrase that means "Thus passes the glory of the world." It has been interpreted as "Worldly things are fleeting''
Misc.
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Solo. So low. Lonely hyena in Amboseli with what looks to be Mt Meru in the background. @just_sham_it
Africa
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From Its Myriad Tips Francis Gooding @LRB
Misc.
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Try to imagine what it is like to be a fungus. Not a mushroom, pushing up through damp soil overnight or delicately forcing itself out through the bark of a rotting log: that would be like imagining the grape rather than the vine.
Instead try to think your way into the main part of a fungus, the mycelium, a proliferating network of tiny white threads known as hyphae.
Decentralised, inquisitive, exploratory and voracious, a mycelial network ranges through soil in search of food.
It tangles itself in an intimate scrawl with the roots of plants, exchanging nutrients and sugars with them; it meets with the hyphae of other networks and has mycelial sex; messages from its myriad tips are reported rapidly across the whole network by mysterious means, perhaps chemical, perhaps electrical.
For food, it prefers wood, but with practice it can learn to eat novel substances, including toxic chemicals, plastics and oil.
Is it somehow sentient? As its thousands of hyphae simultaneously but independently rove through the soil, is the mycelium behaving as an individual or a swarm? What is it like to be this way?
Merlin Sheldrake has tried imagining it:
I found myself underground, surrounded by growing tips surging across one another. Schools of globular animals grazing – plant roots and their hustle – the Wild West of the soil – all those bandits, brigands, loners, crap shooters.
The soil was a horizonless external gut – digestion and salvage everywhere – flocks of bacteria surfing on waves of electrical charge – chemical weather systems – subterranean highways – slimy infective embrace – seething intimate contact on all sides.
Sheldrake is reporting the results of an experiment. He had been dosed with LSD (a compound originally synthesised from ergot, a fungus that affects rye), as part of a study investigating whether scientists might gain unexpected insights by thinking about their work while tripping.
Sheldrake’s work was on mycorrhizal fungi, which form mutually beneficial relationships with plants via their roots.
He wanted to understand how and why they had learned to do this, and how in turn some plants, known as mycoheterotrophs, have developed such powerful relationships with fungi that they no longer need to bother with photosynthesis.
Almost all plants require mycorrhizal partners to be healthy – more than 90 per cent of plants rely on them, Sheldrake says, making fungal partners a ‘more fundamental part of planthood than fruit, flowers, leaves, wood or even roots’ – but mycoheterotrophs can sustain themselves exclusively on the energy provided by their fungal consociates.
These plants have substituted out the sun as their source of power, and as a result have lost their chlorophyll and are no longer green.
Some have evolved new colours, like the flaming crimson Sarcodes sanguinea; some have lost colour altogether, like the ghostpipe, Monotropa uniflora, with its pallid white stalks and flowers.
Sheldrake took a particular interest in Voyria tenella, a delicate, blue-flowered forest gentian that grows in South and Central American rainforests.
Voyria’s reliance on its mycorrhizal partners is so complete that its roots struggle to absorb water and minerals on their own.
The fungus may also be extracting sugars and lipids from other nearby plants, further servicing the flower’s needs.
Voyria clearly has a good thing going, but what’s in it for the fungus?
Does the flower give its fungal partner something in exchange, or is it a true parasite, using its mycorrhizal companion to hack into the energy resources of the forest?
Lab grade acid dropped, Sheldrake laughed and dreamed his way to some hypotheses about the fungus that were ‘at best plausible, and at worst delirious nonsense’.
There is no solution yet to the problem of Voyria. Much of fungal behaviour is mysterious; this is one of the central themes of Entangled Life.
Though they seem familiar from woodland walk and supermarket punnet, fungi are strange and challenging organisms. A biological kingdom unto themselves, they do not behave like plants or like animals.
They habitually form intimate partnerships with other species, changeable and volatile relationships which slide ambiguously beyond the bounds of the more familiar symbiosis or parasitism.
Lichens, for instance, whose existence is often glossed as a symbiosis between plant and fungus, are such compressed bundles of life that it might be better to think of them as miniature ecosystems in themselves, comprising numerous different tiny plants and fungi in dense and inseparable embrace.
Lichens are some of the hardiest beings on earth, thriving in the most extreme environments. There are lichens that are impervious to radiation, to burning heat, to freezing cold.
Some can happily survive periods in space, unprotected from solar radiation – evidence, for some, of the plausibility of panspermia, the idea that life arrived from outer space.
Perhaps it was tiny lichenous ecosystems, dormant for thousands of years on chunks of spinning rock smashed out of distant planetary collisions, that crossed the abyss between worlds to seed the cosmos with life.
Fungi certainly seem to have been one of the first complex living things on earth: fossils of what look like mycelium have been found in rocks 2.4 billion years old.
It was only through fungal assistance that the first rootless plants were able to colonise the land at all; on the barren rocks of the early earth, fungi were already thriving when the first algae began to leave the sea.
And for fifty million years, fungi did all the work of roots for the first land-dwelling plants. It’s possible that roots evolved in order to house them.
Lichens are an extreme case in their propensity to form partnerships, but with fungi, even the seemingly singular are many: fungal genomes are so promiscuous and multiple that some scholars have proposed abandoning the attempt to categorise them using the Linnaean system.
They are everywhere, all the time: coursing through soil and seabed, ‘along coral reefs, through plant and animal bodies both alive and dead, in rubbish dumps, carpets, floorboards, old books in libraries, specks of house dust, and in the canvases of old master paintings hanging in museums’.
If the mycelial threads in just a teaspoon of soil were unravelled and laid out, they might stretch anywhere from ‘a hundred metres to ten kilometres’. Mycelium is a continuous mesh that envelops the earth – strangely, differently, alive and alert.
Modern research into fungi’s differentness has only increased our uncertainty as to what kind of organism they really are.
In the conventional account, animals move around, do things, and are sentient; plants are sessile, typically move only very slowly by growing, and aren’t really sentient.
That schematic distinction between the two great kingdoms of complex living things has turned out to be naive and limited, especially when it comes to plants, to which fungi were considered akin – the guidebooks used to call them ‘flowerless plants’.
But the lives of fungi don’t seem to be very much like the lives of plants at all, and in some ways they behave more like animals.
Take the proficiency of fungi at problem-solving. Fungi are used to searching out food by exploring complex three-dimensional environments such as soil, so maybe it’s no surprise that fungal mycelium solves maze puzzles so accurately.
It is also very good at finding the most economical route between points of interest.
The mycologist Lynne Boddy once made a scale model of Britain out of soil, placing blocks of fungus-colonised wood at the points of the major cities; the blocks were sized proportionately to the places they represented.
Mycelial networks quickly grew between the blocks: the web they created reproduced the pattern of the UK’s motorways (‘You could see the M5, M4, M1, M6’).
Other researchers have set slime mould loose on tiny scale-models of Tokyo with food placed at the major hubs (in a single day they reproduced the form of the subway system) and on maps of Ikea (they found the exit, more efficiently than the scientists who set the task).
Slime moulds are so good at this kind of puzzle that researchers are now using them to plan urban transport networks and fire-escape routes for large buildings.
Mycelium not only grows into economical networks, it also reshapes itself in response to its environment. From a block of colonised wood, teeming hyphae initially grow out in all directions in search of more food.
But when one part of the network finds something new to consume – another block of wood, for instance – the rest of the mycelium stops searching, withdraws from fruitless areas and begins thickening the links to the new food source.
What’s more, if the hyphae that connect the original block of wood to the newly discovered one are stripped away, and the two blocks are placed in a new container to prevent the re-establishment of old pathways, the regrowing mycelium will nevertheless start out of the original block in the direction of the other one:
it appears to ‘possess a directional memory, although the basis of this memory is unknown’.
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From Its Myriad Tips Francis Gooding @LRB [continued]
Misc.
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‘Solving mazes and complex routing problems are non-trivial exercises,’ Sheldrake writes.
‘This is why mazes have long been used to assess the problem-solving abilities of many organisms, from octopuses to bees to humans.’
Fungi ace these puzzles because ‘solving spatial and geometrical problems is what they have evolved to do.’
They are diffuse, plastic beings: they reform themselves around the problem at hand. ‘Mycelium’, says Sheldrake, is a body without limits: ‘a body without a plan’.
With a decentralised body that grows independently at every extremity, how does a fungus know when to change itself?
When a hyphal tip discovers a tasty block of wood, how is this information conveyed to the rest of the network-body? Through chemical transport, perhaps?
Fungi are known to produce and respond to chemicals that can act as cues, and mycelial networks transport water and nutrients rapidly through their hyphae in ‘micro-tubules’, which function hydraulically and are highly pressure-sensitive.
They can also direct the flow towards particular areas: when it is time to produce a mushroom, for instance, the mycelium propels water into the growing fruit, sometimes under great pressure.
A fruiting stinkhorn mushroom can crack through asphalt, exerting a force sufficient to lift about 130 kg.
However, as methods of communication go, chemical plumes and microflows of pressurised liquid aren’t very fast – and the mycelium of some fungi can extend for kilometres.
Would electricity fit the bill? In the 1990s, the Swedish mycologist Stefan Olsson began to investigate.
Adapting techniques used to research the brains of insects, he inserted glass microelectrodes into the body of the honey fungus, a species that creates huge mycelial networks.
Sure enough, the mycelium was producing electrical impulses ‘at a rate very close to that of animals’ sensory neurons’, which travelled through the network along the hyphae.
When a block of wood – a food source – was placed in contact with the wired-up mycelium, the rate of firing doubled; it returned to normal when the wood was removed.
Controls with a plastic block of similar size showed that the fungus was identifying the wood, rather than merely responding to weight or contact.
Olsson repeated the experiment with other species of fungi, obtaining the same results: he concluded that fungi use electrical signals for internal communication, reporting on what the hyphae find or what is happening around them.
They are, Sheldrake writes, ‘fantastically complex networks of electrically excitable cells’.
Some researchers compare mycelial networks to brains, others to computers.
Both images are seductive: the first suggests fantastical beings, extending themselves in contemplative ingestion through forest and field; the second invites speculation that mycelium’s ability to sample and report on its surroundings might somehow be harnessed as a kind of ‘biocomputing’, capable of providing finely textured real-time reports on the health of the environment.
Sheldrake cautions that neither metaphor truly gets close to the reality of mycelial lives, but he seems quite taken with them nonetheless.
Likewise, Olsson dismisses the brain analogy, yet when observing that hyphal branching creates junctions that could act as ‘decision gates’ to integrate the streams of impulses from the foraging tips, he can’t resist wondering if mycelium might indeed act like ‘a “brain” that could learn and remember’.
Whether or not mycelium in fact behaves like a neural network, fungi certainly seem to have a highly evolved interest in the brains and nervous systems of others.
The psychoactive effects that psilocybin-producing mushrooms have on humans are well known (though seriously under-researched), but the most virtuosic feats of mind alteration – if that is the right way to describe it – are performed by the numerous species of fungus that can control the minds and bodies of insects.
These are sometimes called ‘zombie fungi’, and they act with what Sheldrake describes as ‘exquisite precision’.
The fungus Ophiocordyceps infects carpenter ants. Inside the body of an infected ant, it begins to develop a mycelial network. Hyphae travel through the ant’s body cavities, into its limbs and organs: an infected insect becomes about 40 per cent fungus.
Once this fungal growth is complete, the normally ground-dwelling ant leaves its nest and climbs the nearest plant.
At a height of around 25 centimetres – ‘a zone with just the right temperature and humidity to allow the fungus to fruit’ – it orients itself towards the sun; at high noon, it clamps its jaws round a leaf vein, in a ‘death grip’.
Mycelium grows out of the ant’s feet, plastering it to the leaf. Sutured into place, jaws rigid, the ant’s body is then digested by the fungus: a small mushroom grows out of the ant’s head, releasing spores which drift down onto the ants passing below, beginning the cycle again.
Massospora, a species completely unrelated to Ophiocordyceps, infects cicadas: it rots away the abdomen of an infected insect, leaving it tipped with a yellowish plug of spores that looks like a mass of pollen.
Infected cicadas are not incapacitated or ill: in fact they become ‘hyperactive and hypersexual despite the fact that their genitals have long since crumbled away’.
Rushing between mates, they become ‘flying salt-shakers of death’, dusting other cicadas with Massospora’s spores.
It’s unclear how such exact behavioural changes are effected. Ophiocordyceps fills an ant’s body with hyphae and takes control of its actions, but it doesn’t invade the ant’s brain, which is left intact;
Massospora confines itself pretty much to the cicada’s abdomen, leaving the rest of the body alone, in order that the insect can continue to move around and attempt to mate while the fungus completes its life-cycle.
It is possible that the control is achieved by means of minutely precise pharmacological interventions in the brains of the hosts:
Massospora manufactures both psilocybin and cathinone, a stimulant related to the recreational drug mephedrone, which is otherwise found only in plants such as khat (Catha edulis, whose leaves are chewed widely in East Africa and beyond).
So the fungus is perhaps administering both amphetamines and psychedelics to its cicada. But nobody really understands quite how this would work.
The mechanism by which Ophiocordyceps produces exact and perfectly timed bodily actions in an infected ant is also a profound mystery, except that it most probably involves ‘fine-tuning’ the ant’s ‘chemical secretions in real time’.
Precise and complex effects of this sort are far beyond the reach of human medical pharmacology; Sheldrake compares the way these fungi command their hosts to phenomena such as spirit possession or the speech of mediums.
Like an incorporeal spirit, the fungus does not have a body, instead entering and possessing something else’s.
The ascent up the plant and the death grip are not the behaviour of the carpenter ant but of the fungus, which is using the insect as a kind of exo-suit:
‘For part of its life, Ophiocordyceps must wear an ant’s body.’ How rapidly, how finely must the network be communicating and acting to puppeteer the central nervous system of a living creature, to measure distance and conditions, to determine direction and time of day?
The question of fungal sentience hovers in the background, like the ambiguous ghosts of spirit photography.
These ideas spill over into a discussion of the effects of psilocybin on humans.
Sheldrake’s parents were friends with Terence McKenna, the ethnobotanist, renegade philosopher and advocate of psychedelics, and it was on a visit to McKenna’s Hawaiian home – whose grounds were a sort of Wonka Factory of psychoactive plants – that the young Merlin first learned that ‘humans can alter their minds by eating other organisms.’
McKenna speculated that psilocybin mushrooms lay at the root of human cultural development: it was consuming them which spurred the creation of art, culture, religion and even language.
But he also believed that by means of a big enough dose of psilocybin, mushroom consciousness could manifest inside a human partner, and even communicate to the outside world:
‘With psilocybin as a chemical messenger,’ fungi could ‘borrow a human body, and use its brain and senses to speak and think through.’
‘Do psilocybin fungi wear our minds, as Ophiocordyceps and Massospora wear insect bodies?’ Sheldrake asks. It’s a marvellous, disorientating notion. But his answer is a qualified ‘no’: science has not found any evidence of a long-term evolutionary advantage for fungi in using psilocybin to form a symbiotic relationship with humans or their minds.
Our eating them doesn’t appear to help them in evolutionary terms; the timescales of human intervention are too short, and psilocybin-producing fungi have been around too long to care much about people.
More likely, the compound developed to interfere with other beings, probably fungivorous insects.
But then again, Sheldrake writes, ‘perhaps we shouldn’t be too hasty’ in giving up McKenna’s notion. Sheldrake may, one suspects, have taken too many shrooms with too much fascination and joy to surrender the prospect that psilocybin might give us genuine insight into, or even a proxy experience of, fungal lives.
Tripping on mushrooms is just too mushroom-y, too psychomycelial, to be set aside when trying to think about what fungi are up to.
In the human brain, psilocybin suppresses what is called the ‘default mode network’, the interconnected brain areas responsible for self-reflection and self-consciousness, thinking about past and future, and for regulating other cerebral processes.
The DMN, Sheldrake says, keeps a kind of order: ‘a schoolteacher in a chaotic classroom’.
In neural terms, psilocybin and LSD let the brain ‘off the leash. Cerebral connectivity explodes, and a tumult of new neuronal pathways arise. Networks of activity previously distant from one another link up.’
The experience of this for the user involves all the stereotypical (but reliably real) sensations: mystical gnosis, the revelation of the interconnectedness of all things, and so on.
Put like that, the patterns of thought experienced by someone taking psilocybin seem strikingly analogous to its neurological effects.
And both seem profoundly similar to what we know of mycelium and its habits.
The explosive growth of interconnections, the development of flexible new relationships, the filling of spaces with a tangle of new pathways, novel and powerful exchanges and flows of information coursing through an electrically excitable network:
what else but this would a fungus do if it really did seize hold of your mind? And if a fungus were sentient or somehow like a brain, isn’t this perhaps just how it would think – in an entanglement of intimate, sudden, pulsing, fresh connections between the things around it?
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Political Reflections
Law & Politics
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Globally, Covid cases have fallen since a terrifying peak last month @bopinion
Misc.
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The Invisible Microbe COVID19 posted two record high weeks of Infections and then declined -4% and -12% in the two following weeks
Misc.
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The European Union suffered a nasty new wave of cases in early spring. The trend is now emphatically lower as its vaccine rollout gathers pace @bopinion
Misc.
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28-MAR-2021 :: The Virus remains an exogenous uncertainty that is still not resolved #COVID19
Misc.
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''viruses exhibit non-linear and exponential characteristics''
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In India, gripped by the worst Covid outbreak to have happened anywhere, the latest trend is very encouraging. It looks as though that outbreak has peaked,@bopinion
Misc.
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While India's reported cases in the 2nd wave seemed to have peaked, the reported deaths have not peaked even after 18 days. @RijoMJohn
Misc.
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This is a bit unusual & unlike the previous peak wherein deaths had peaked 3 days after cases.
It casts a shadow on the peak of reported cases.
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Drone footage shows hundreds of graves burried along the banks of river Ganga. #Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Via - @SkyNews @zoo_bear
Misc.
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A virulent plague that “travelled through the air as if on wings, it burned through cities like fire”. The Year of the Flood by Margaret Atwood
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Has Narendra Modi officially abandoned India ? @RanaAyyub
Law & Politics
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09-MAY-2021 :: Benito Modi whose hyper incompetence even the Die Hard BJP ''Deadenders'' are finding it impossible to defend
Law & Politics
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Benito Modi whose hyper incompetence even the Die Hard BJP ''Deadenders'' are finding it impossible to defend positively aided and abetted the “Kumbh Mela [which] may end up being the biggest super spreader event in the history of this pandemic.” Professor Ashish Jha
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“Kumbh Mela [which] may end up being the biggest super spreader event in the history of this pandemic.” Professor Ashish Jha
Misc.
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"Do you understand what I'm saying?" he said "We are capable of delivering any message we want to the public - whether sweet or sour true or fake." said @AmitShah
Misc.
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Merkel pronounced “You cannot fight the pandemic with lies and disinformation...the limits of Populism are being laid bare.”
Misc.
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States with such rulers can get “seized by senility and the chronic disease from which [they] can hardly ever rid [themselves], for which [they] can find no cure”
Law & Politics
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Ibn Khaldun explained the intrinsic relationship between political leadership and the management of pandemics in the pre-colonial period in his book Muqaddimah
Historically, such pandemics had the capacity to overtake “the dynasties at the time of their senility, when they had reached the limit of their duration” and, in the process, challenged their “power and curtailed their [rulers’] influence...”
Rulers who are only concerned with the well-being of their “inner circle and their parties” are an incurable “disease”.
States with such rulers can get “seized by senility and the chronic disease from which [they] can hardly ever rid [themselves], for which [they] can find no cure”
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In retrospect it is now crystal clear from the demonetization & vaccination disasters, that Modi is not only a wishful thinker, but also a reckless risk taker @sonaliranade
Misc.
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In retrospect it is now crystal clear from the demonetization & vaccination disasters, that Modi is not only a wishful thinker, but also a reckless risk taker, capable of high risk gambling with economy, peoples’ lives, jobs and much else. It is a difficult habit to correct.
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The accelerated growth was "a fantastically crafted fiction," according to Prasad, Blood and Soil in @narendramodi's India @NewYorker
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Britain, hit by the first significant variant of Covid but then the first big country to roll out the vaccine into the population, the disease also appears to be under control @bopinion
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09-MAY-2021 :: This might give The Winner of Hartlepool pause for thought because we all know now the microbe loathes hubris and visits its most violent revenge on those who express hubris.
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The estimated growth advantage of B.1.617.2 (new variant) over B.1.1.7 ("Kent") is 99% per week - ie it is growing twice as fast. @chrischirp
Misc.
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The secondary attack rate (i.e. risk-per-contact) is noticably higher for B.1.617.2 @chrischirp
Misc.
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Watch how B.1.617.2 has taken over past month @chrischirp
Misc.
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If you have a "normal" pandemic that is fading, but "variants" that [are] surging, the combined total can look like a flat, manageable situation. @spignal
Misc.
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We all know by now ''viruses exhibit non-linear and exponential characteristics''
Misc.
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OK so long story short; the data on vaccines and transmissibility are somewhere between 'this is bad news' and 'this is quite bad but not terrible'. What I am struggling to see is how it could be interpreted as good news @ArisKatzourakis
Misc.
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And the belief in Vaccine Efficacy is now bumping at euphoric levels. Folks I followed on Twitter for their epidemiological excellence now simply recite Vaccine / Inoculation data like a liturgy.
Misc.
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09-MAY-2021 :: However, The Western World and China think they have the microbe licked with their Superpower Vaccine[s]
Misc.
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The nine new billionaires spawned from Covid-19 vaccines with combined wealth greater than the cost of vaccinating world's poorest countries, "The nine new billionaires have a combined net wealth of $19.3 billion" @AFP
Africa
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The nine new billionaires spawned from Covid-19 vaccines with combined wealth greater than the cost of vaccinating world's poorest countries, according to The People's Vaccine Alliance: "The nine new billionaires have a combined net wealth of $19.3 billion"
Conclusions
The Vaccine Economy
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@Pfizer: '...of all time...'. @_HassanF
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International Markets
World Of Finance
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US 10-Year Treasury yield just broke below 1.60%. @Prosperity__Cap
World Of Finance
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09-MAY-2021 The Markets The Lotos-eaters
World Of Finance
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On 8th March when the Bears had gotten hold of the US 10 Year, I wrote that I expected the 10 Year to target 1.45% well we got real close on Friday before the market reversed
Ten- year yields initially plunged to a more than two-month low of 1.46%, then reversed to end the day at 1.58%. However, I am resetting my target Yield to 1.25% now.
Given the volume of money Printing and the extraordinary stimulusI have to say that the US Recovery is actually really weak and I believe it will be very short lived and the Penny will drop soon with the Bond Market and the Shorts will be forced to cover.
The Consensus View appears to be that the Global economy is going to accelerate big time and that its going to BOOM!
I beg to differ
Furthermore The Central Banks are in a corner.
They have fired a lot of bullets and even if there was a meaningful bounce they cannot raise rates.
Here is why central banks are trapped and cannot raise rates even if inflation rises: @dlacalle_IA Feb 2
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Currency Markets at a Glance WSJ
World Currencies
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Euro 1.2256
Dollar Index 89..949
Japan Yen 108.62
Swiss Franc 0.8946
Pound 1.4196
Aussie 0.7772
India Rupee 72.789
South Korea Won 1121.355
Brazil Real 5.3208
Egypt Pound 15.66
South Africa Rand 13.8539
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Dollar Index Chart 89.949
U.S. Economy
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Euro versus the Dollar Chart 1.2258
World Currencies
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$BTC Chart via @Schuldensuehner
World Currencies
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Tether has just surpassed a $60B market cap!In May 2020, #Tether tokens' market cap was $8B, now a year on we've seen an increase of 581% and demand for Tether token use higher than ever @Tether_to
World Currencies
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University of Texas at Austin Study All But Confirms Tether Is Manipulating Bitcoin @UTSA
World Currencies
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Avocados have been a better store of value than Bitcoin during this rout. @tracyalloway
World Currencies
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8 JAN 18 :: The Crypto Avocado Millenial Economy.
World Of Finance
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The ‘’Zeitgeist’’ of a time is its defining spirit or its mood. Capturing the ‘’zeitgeist’’ of the Now is not an easy thing because we are living in a dizzyingly fluid moment.
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The Markets Are Wilding
World Of Finance
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Ponzi algos "AI" bots are everywhere. they are super smart, running the stops. & front the leaked news & pump'n dump & dump'n pump @kerberos007
World Of Finance
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As I write this on the 3rd of January 2021 $BTC has touched 35,000.00 in a parabolic shift higher
World Currencies
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Conclusions
Markets when they retreat always fall much much further than expectations.
I recall Russian Prins falling from 60+ to 6.
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09-MAY-2021 :: The liquidity of this complex is illusory, as the reflexivity embedded within creates a lurking shadow convexity that is vulnerable to predatory flows. @FadingRallies
World Of Finance
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It was the second wave that killed the dip buyers the most @sunchartist
World Of Finance
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Crypto Dip being bought is not much different from the Asian financial crisis (central govt raising rates to protect currency) and the pre-GFC selloff (the entire subprime was $600 bln small in the scheme of things)
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Only you know...@hendry_hugh
World Of Finance
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What the Heck Is Hodl? Bitcoin Lingo for Crypto Noobs
World Of Finance
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So what does HODLing connotate? What’s FUD? Or, if you’re not sure what a debate between “hodlers” and “weak hands” means, or have forgotten, here’s a guide or refresher:
Diamond Hands
It’s a popular mantra -- as seen on Reddit and Twitter posts -- that roughly means bullish gumption, or a call to hold tight to an investment even during a plunge in prices or an onslaught of headwinds. Traders will frequently use diamond and hand emoji in conjunction when posting about it online.
FOMO
The fear of missing out is a powerful force in all markets, but is especially potent in a field where there’s no such thing as fundamental value. Crypto fans often cite FOMO as one of the reasons investors might buy cryptocurrencies when they’re in the midst of a rally.
FUD
Fear, uncertainty and doubt. Another term used in other investing contexts, it was adopted by the crypto community to denounce what supporters see as the intentional spread of misinformation. Skeptics see it used as a way to brush off anything negative.
Halving
This is sometimes referred to as halvening -- a planned reduction in rewards miners receive (the term is mentioned in Bitcoin’s code). Halvings happen once every four years or so -- more precisely, every 210,000 blocks of transactions.
As the name suggests, each one cuts the amount of Bitcoin miners receive per block reward in half. The practice serves to maintain scarcity. This year, Bitcoin’s halving was followed by a steady rise in its price over the subsequent weeks.
Hodl
“Hold” as misspelled by a frenzied Bitcoin trader on an online forum in 2013. It’s become the mantra of cryptocurrency believers during market routs, meant to reassure nervous traders that they should ride out any given slump because of what they see is Bitcoin’s long-run advantages.
Anyone willing to stomach the volatility is thought to be hodling.
Weak hands
This phrase is used to describe cryptocurrency newbies who, instead of hodling, nervously panic-sell their coins in response to market jitters or negative headlines that wouldn’t faze experienced traders.
Some weak hands bail out of Bitcoin in favor of so-called alt coins, cryptocurrencies other than Bitcoin.
There are more than 9,000 digital tokens, according to CoinMarketCap.com. Many tend to take their cues from Bitcoin, oftentimes rising or falling in tandem.
Whale
In a wide range of markets, whales are investors whose holdings are so large that their every trade makes waves.
It’s a term that comes with a suspicion of market manipulation. So, too with Bitcoin whales, or people who hold a lot of Bitcoin.
Some estimates show just a handful control a large percentage of the market, so they have the power to move prices.
About 2% of the anonymous ownership accounts that can be tracked on the cryptocurrency’s blockchain control 95% of the digital asset, according to researcher Flipside Crypto.
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''Yeah you good traders can spot the highs and the lows pit pat piffy wing wong wang just like that and make a millino bucks sure no problem bro."
World Of Finance
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GameKyuubi posted "I AM HODLING," a drunk, semi-coherent, typo-laden rant about his poor trading skills and determination to simply hold his bitcoin from that point on.
"I type d that tyitle twice because I knew it was wrong the first time. Still wrong. w/e," he wrote in reference to the now-famous misspelling of "holding."
"WHY AM I HOLDING? I'LL TELL YOU WHY," he continued.
"It's because I'm a bad trader and I KNOW I'M A BAD TRADER. Yeah you good traders can spot the highs and the lows pit pat piffy wing wong wang just like that and make a millino bucks sure no problem bro."
He concluded that the best course was to hold, since "You only sell in a bear market if you are a good day trader or an illusioned noob. The people inbetween hold. In a zero-sum game such as this, traders can only take your money if you sell."
He then confessed he'd had some whiskey and briefly mused about the spelling of whisk(e)y. [HODL Definition | Investopedia]
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27 NOV 17 :: "Wow! What a Ride!"
World Of Finance
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The parabola was described thus by Thomas Pynchon,
“But it is a curve each of them feels, unmistakably.It's The Parabola. They must have guessed, once or twice -guessed and refused to believe- that everything, always, collectively, had been moving toward that purified shape latent in the sky, that shape of no surprise, no second chance, no return.’’
My investment thesis at the start of the year was that Bitcoin was going to get main-streamed in 2017. It has main-streamed beyond my wildest dreams, therefore, I am now sidelined.
Let me leave you with Hunter S. Thompson, “Life should not be a journey to the grave with the intention of arriving safely in a pretty and well preserved body, but rather to skid in broadside in a cloud of smoke, thoroughly used up, totally worn out, and loudly proclaiming “Wow! What a Ride!”
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The generational difference between people who are looking for ladders and people who are looking for trampolines @kevinroose
World Of Finance
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Bloomberg Opinion colleague Jim Bianco that the crash was a big win for cryptocurrencies.
World Currencies
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This is counterintuitve, to put it mildly, but he bases his argument on decentralization. It should be no surprise that the same platforms that fail investors with conventional assets were also unable to deal with heavy volume in crypto, he contends.
But the decentralized venues that are arguably the whole point of bitcoin survived fine:
Recognizing that most are not familiar with decentralized finance, or DeFi, details are in order. DeFi does not use an order book like regulated exchanges.
Instead, it has over 72,000 liquidity pools. Anyone can be a liquidity provider to these pools or even start one and earn interest (more coins) for their effort.
Traders use these liquidity pools to trade cryptos. The entire protocol is run by computer code called an automatic market maker. No humans are involved in the trading on these exchanges.
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Commodity Markets at a Glance WSJ
Commodities
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Update on Gold: Bull flagging on 1hr chart for next leg up to 1925 then 1960 @AdamMancini4
Commodities
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04-JAN-2021 :: What Will Happen In 2021 I expect Gold to top $2,500 this year and Silver to reach $50.00
Commodities
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28-MAR-2021 :: GOLD HAS COMPLETED ITS CONSOLIDATION AND IS HEADED BACK TO ATHS
Commodities
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There is an almost perfect relationship between the price of #gold and the real bond #yield. ('yes', levels!) @jsblokland
Commodities
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09-MAY-2021 The Markets The Lotos-eaters Gold and Silver Have finally got the Big MO
Commodities
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$BTC Bitcoin’s Claim of Rivaling Gold as Portfolio Hedge Loses Luster @markets @crypto
Commodities
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Bitcoin’s 60-day realized volatility is far higher than that of gold and currently pulling away.
The token tumbled 31% on Wednesday before rising by about the same percentage that day. For the week, it’s down some 10%
Gold, meanwhile, is heading for a third weekly gain, bolstered by a weaker dollar and wavering Treasury yields, which boost the allure of non-interest-bearing bullion.
It’s also benefiting from the crypto crash, according to Brian Lan, managing director of Singapore-based dealer GoldSilver Central Pte.
For some commentators, Bitcoin is still evolving as an asset, making a rush to judgment premature.
Its capped supply -- at 21 million tokens -- is among the features it shares with bullion, said David Lightfoot, chief executive officer of Sydney-based xbullion, a precious metal tokenization platform.
Bitcoin is still “finding its value” as a revolutionary new asset class, and similar volatility was seen after the discovery of oil as the world began to understand its impact and future worth, he said.
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It was in 30-DEC-2016 :: [I wrote] My Optimal Portfolio at this moment looks like this 1. Long BITCOIN. 2. Long BITCOIN short Gold on a Spread
World Of Finance
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I never imagined the Trend would run over 4 years. It has now reversed and tis reversal is going to get violent
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Crude Oil 6 Month INO 65.94
Minerals, Oil & Energy
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Financial conditions in emerging markets have returned to historical averages, led by improved portfolio flows, according to Moody’s Financial Conditions Indicators. @MoodysInvSvc
Emerging Markets
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Moody's EM Summit Panel on Debt Sustainability: @emmuser
Emerging Markets
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→ Debt levels entering into realm of unsustainability
→ Recovery will be uneven - Asia likely to lead and Middle East/Africa will lag
→ DSSI provided moderate liquidity relief
→ 6 sov defaults in 2020 but no massive wave
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One senses that the caretakers of coronavirus on the continent are very nervous. The Indian variant has a foothold. Might it scale? @Africa_Conf
Africa
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09-MAY-2021 Africa which as to date emerged relatively unscathed from the health element of COVID19 might be casting a weary glance over its shoulder at India and would certainly be prudent to do so.
Africa
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''Viruses exhibit non-linear and exponential characteristics''
Africa
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Africa is currently reporting a million new infections about every 96 days @ReutersGraphics
Africa
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364,248 Active COVID-19 Cases in Africa @BeautifyData
Africa
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Active #Covid19 cases record 520,000 was in January 2021 @NKCAfrica
Africa
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The reproduction number (R) of SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa remains high though lower than it's recent peak. It's currently in the range of 1.14 - 1.21. At these levels cases continue to grow. @lrossouw
Africa
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#COVID19 in South Africa Daily test positivity rate in SA breaches 10% level today (10.2%) - 1st time back above 10% since 5th Feb 2021 @rid1tweets
Africa
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1st time back above 10% since 5th Feb 2021, as SA was exiting 2nd wave
Previous time SA breached 10% on an upward trajectory was 17th Nov 2020
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With Highest Covid Rate, Maldives to Lengthen 12-Hour Curfew @business
Africa
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Maldives, which has the world’s fastest growing Covid-19 epidemic, plans to extend a 12-hour curfew in its capital in a bid to slow down the outbreak.
The Indian Ocean archipelago, which depends on luxury tourism for much of its income, has the highest number of infections per million people over the last 7 and 14 days, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
“The initial restrictions have had an impact on the curve,” Mohamed Mabrook Azeez, spokesman for the president’s office, said in an interview on Monday.
“We feel that more measures are needed to further slow down the number of positive cases.”
The country had already extended the curfew by nine hours as well as imposing other restrictions in the capital of Male and surrounding districts as cases surge even though 42% of its population has had two doses of vaccine.
The situation mirrors that of the Seychelles, another Indian ocean nation where cases have surged even though 64% of the population, the most in the world, has been fully vaccinated.
So far, the reasons for the surge in both countries isn’t clear.
The new restrictions will be imposed from May 26, Azeez said.
The Maldives confirmed 1,559 new cases on Sunday with 1,135 in the Greater Male area. Total active cases were 23,464 in the country of about 391,000 people.
The total number of deaths reached 134 on Monday , according to data from the government’s Health Protection Agency, which notifies the nation on Twitter whenever a Maldivian dies of the disease.
The outbreak isn’t affecting tourism areas significantly, Azeez said.
In the tourism-dependent economy, 97% of resort employees have received a first vaccine dose and 56% are fully inoculated. Of all tourism arrivals, less than 0.2% were positive, Azeez said.
Maldives has been using vaccines from Sinopharm, AstraZeneca Plc. Seychelles has used Sinopharm and Astrazeneca vaccines.
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Drinking The Kool Aid
Africa
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Ethiopia's foreign ministry said that if the U.S. restrictions continued, Addis Ababa "will be forced to reassess its relations with the United States, which might have implications beyond our bilateral relationship."
Africa
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"The attempt by the U.S. administration to meddle in its [Ethiopia's] internal affairs, is not only inappropriate but also completely unacceptable," the statement from the foreign affairs ministry added.
"What is even more saddening is the tendency by the U.S. administration to treat the Ethiopian government on an equal footing with the TPLF, which was designated as a terrorist organisation ... two weeks ago."
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The interesting thing here is that this sanctions action comes at the same time as news that a big US-financed deal over 5G in Ethiopia just won out over a rival bid backed by Chinese companies. @hofrench
Africa
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In central Tigray, @SebastienNemeth meets combatants with the Tigray Defence Forces, who claim to be gaining strength while living off donations from the population. @rcoreyb
Africa
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"Rather than stay home and be slaughtered, you must fight."
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.@PMEthiopia has launched an unwinnable War on Tigray Province.
Africa
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Or alternatively @TheEconomist whether @PMEthiopia can sustain an occupation given that one suspects there are equally restive regions
Africa
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Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer
Africa
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A fiendishly complicated task fending off the centrIfugal forces which are tearing Ethiopia apart @PMEthiopia has lost this battle
Africa
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Military detain Mali's president, prime minister and defence minister @Reuters
Africa
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Military officers in Mali detained the president, prime minister and defence minister of the interim government on Monday, deepening political chaos just months after a military coup ousted the previous president, multiple sources told Reuters.
President Bah Ndaw, Prime Minister Moctar Ouane and defence minister Souleymane Doucoure were all taken to a military base in Kati outside the capital Bamako, hours after two members of the military lost their positions in a government reshuffle, the diplomatic and government sources said.
Their detentions followed the military ouster in August of President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita.
The development could exacerbate instability in the West African country where violent Islamist groups linked to al Qaeda and Islamic State control large areas of the desert north.
The United Nations' mission in Mali called for the group's "immediate and unconditional" release and said those who hold the leaders would have to answer for their actions.
A delegation from the top regional decision-making body ECOWAS will visit Bamako on Tuesday to help resolve the "attempted coup", ECOWAS, the U.N., African Union, European Union and several European countries said in a joint statement.
"The international community rejects in advance any act imposed by coercion, including forced resignations," the group said.
The U.S. State Department called in a statement for the "unconditional release of those currently being held".
"The sacking of the pillars of the coup was an enormous misjudgement," a senior former Malian government official told Reuters. "The actions are probably aimed at getting them back in their jobs."
The military's ultimate goal was not immediately clear. One military official in Kati said this was not an arrest. "What they have done is not good," the source said, referring to the cabinet reshuffle.
"We are letting them know, decisions will be made."
Kati's military base is notorious for ending the rule of Malian leaders. Last August, the military took President Keita to Kati and forced him to resign. A mutiny there helped topple his predecessor Amadou Toumani Toure in 2012.
Mali has been in turmoil ever since. Toure's departure triggered an ethnic Tuareg rebellion to seize the northern two-thirds of the country, which was hijacked by al Qaeda-linked jihadists.
French forces beat the insurgents back in 2013 but they have since regrouped and carry out regular attacks on the army and civilians. They have exported their methods to neighbouring Burkina Faso and Niger where attacks have skyrocketed since 2017.
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SADC summit is set for Thursday; reports say SA could send troops via SADC to northern Mozambique, where French company Total is huge investor. Connect the dots....@geoffreyyork
Africa
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A man lies on the ground on the beach after swimming to the Morocco-Spain border, at Ceuta, a Spanish city in northern Africa. AP/Javier Fergo @cobbo3
Africa
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''Africa's Youth's Future is not in America and Europe Its in Africa'' @akin_adesina
Africa
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Repeated tremors shook the Congolese city of Goma on Monday, unnerving families still reeling from a volcano eruption at the weekend @Reuters
Africa
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A string of small earthquakes has since struck the city, the surrounding region in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo and across the border into Rwanda.
One reached a 5.1 magnitude at 10:37 a.m. (0837 GMT) on Monday, according to the Rwanda Seismic Monitor, which is managed by the Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board.
Tremors struck every 30 minutes in the city from midday on Sunday. In Rwanda, a Reuters reporter saw several buildings damaged by the tremors.
Dario Tedesco, a volcanologist based in Goma, told Reuters the lava lake in the volcano has refilled, having emptied before the initial eruption on Saturday evening, although its significance was as yet unclear.
"The danger is small at the moment, but the earthquakes are an immediate danger as they could open another fracture, so this is why I'm a little bit worried. We have to be very careful," he said.
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Flowing lava from the volcanic eruption of Mount Nyiragongo, is seen between buildings in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo, obtained via social media. ENOCH DAVID via REUTERS
Africa
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Both S&P and Fitch Ratings affirmed #SouthAfrica’s sovereign credit rating at BB- on May 21. @NKCAfrica
Africa
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The ratings agencies were impressed by the improvement in the fiscal accounts in Q1, but raised concerns over the government’s consolidation-drive plan.
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Africa Emerging from The Pandemic
Africa
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South Africa All Share Bloomberg
Africa
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Dollar versus Rand Chart INO 13.8586
Africa
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Egypt Pound versus The Dollar Chart INO 15.6724
Africa
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While it might seem counterintuitive, addressing #Nigeria monetary issues will require a tightening in monetary policy at a time when the economy seems to be losing momentum. @NKCAfrica
Africa
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Nigeria’s central bank devalued the naira by 7.6% against the dollar as authorities in Africa’s biggest oil producer migrate toward a single exchange-rate system for the local currency. @markets.
Africa
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The Abuja-based Central Bank of Nigeria replaced the fixed rate of 379 naira to a dollar used for official transactions with the nafex or the I&E exchange rate of 410.25 naira per dollar, according to data on its website on Tuesday.
The unification of the two rates will improve the country’s currency-management system and help meet the conditions of the International Monetary Fund and investors for transparency.
Nigeria had adopted multiple exchange rate regime to avoid an outright devaluation of the naira.
The nafex, which acts as a spot rate, was introduced in 2017 to improve dollar liquidity and encourage inflows from foreign investors that were exiting the country following the 2016 economic crisis.
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Time to Big Up the Dosage of Quaaludes
Africa
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5 March 2020 A Currency Devaluation is now predicted and predictable. @TheAfricaReport
Africa
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Ghana Stock Exchange Composite Index Bloomberg
Africa
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The Story of Zamrock, One of Rock's Brightest Hidden Gems
Africa
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Zambia turned out to be one of those seemingly unlikely hotspots, giving birth to a rich psych-rock scene that grew to incorporate elements from Zambian traditional music and language, becoming a glorious movement unlike any other. This is the story of Zamrock.
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In 1973, a band called WITCH, fronted by Emanuel "Jagari" Chanda, released its debut album "Introduction" which was also the first commercial album released in Zambia.
Africa
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Musi-O-Tunya's debut album "Wings of Africa" turned out to be a unique blend of rock and Zambian ethnic music, also featuring some lyrics in Ilolonga's native tongue as well.
Africa
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Raila optimistic of BBI success, asserts ‘nobody can stop reggae’ @NationAfrica
Law & Politics
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The 3-day & 7-day rolling averages for daily new COVID-19 cases in KE took an upturn last week following increasing caseloads in some counties. @DrAhmedKalebi
Africa
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Kenya’s trade deficit up 28% in the quarter ended March 2021: [Source: @BD_Africa] @MwangoCapital
Kenyan Economy
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- Deficit grew to KES 317.49B up from KES 247.78B
- Imports grew 19% to KES 507.54B
- Exports rose 6.3% to KES 190.05B
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- Banks held 50.98% of the KES 3.66T total outstanding domestic debt as of May 13 - Other investors raised their holdings from 4.34% in July 2020 to 6.12% @MwangoCapital
Africa
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Safaricom closed Monday's trade at Kes 41.75. Up 5.03% +21.90% YTD @MwangoCapital
N.S.E Equities - Commercial & Services
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“This was baked into the price. I think it is a bit of a sugar rush, to last a day or two, and then we move back,” @Reuters
N.S.E Equities - Commercial & Services
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Safaricom’s shares rose almost 7% to 42.20 Kenyan shillings ($0.3911) at one point, though one trader had cautioned that the rally could be short-lived.
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.@SafaricomPLC share price data
N.S.E Equities - Commercial & Services
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Kenya Shilling versus The Dollar Live ForexPros
Africa
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Nairobi All Share Bloomberg
N.S.E General
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Nairobi ^NSE20 Bloomberg
N.S.E General
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Every Listed Share can be interrogated here
N.S.E General
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